Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Heroin Regulates Orbitofrontal Circular RNAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms23031453

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heroin self-administration as a tool to identify heroin-responsive circRNAs in the OFC. ( A ) Schematic overview of experimental timeline. Male and female rats underwent self-administration of 0.03mg/kg/infusion of heroin or saline and were then euthanized for molecular analyses of circRNA expression in the OFC. OFC RNA from a subset of male rats was used for circRNA microarray analyses. Differentially regulated circRNAs were validated in all male rats and further examined in female rats. ( B – G ) Heroin and saline self-administration in male ( B – D ) and female ( E – G ) rats. Displayed are the number of infusions ( B , E ) and active or inactive lever presses for heroin ( C , F ) or saline animals ( D , G ). Error ± S.E.M. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001. Male N = 21/group; Female N = 14 saline, 13 heroin.

Article Snippet: We first profiled circRNAs in the OFC of three male heroin and three male saline animals using a microarray analyses service provided by Arraystar, Inc.

Techniques: Saline, Expressing, Microarray

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Heroin Regulates Orbitofrontal Circular RNAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms23031453

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heroin-associated circRNAs are derived from genes distributed across the genome and are mostly exonic. ( A ) Volcano plot depicting differentially expressed circRNAs in the OFC after heroin self-administration, as measured by microarray analyses. Red dots indicate circRNAs that meet statistical criteria for significantly different compared to saline. Grey dots represent circRNAs that are not statistically different between heroin and saline. ( B ) Genomic size in base pairs (bp) of each circRNA differentially expressed between heroin and saline animals, as indicated by the beginning and end position of the circRNA’s backsplice junction. ( C ). Chromosomal location of each differentially regulated circRNA. ( D ) Pie graph depicting the proportions of heroin-associated circRNAs that are exonic, intergenic, or sense overlapping. ( E , F ) Results from gene ontology analyses ( E ) and KEGG pathway analyses ( F ) indicating the terms significantly enriched from the gene list of linear mRNAs that give rise to differentially expressed heroin-associated circRNAs. For each term, the genes identified in the microarray analysis that belong to the term list are indicated. ( G ) List of repeat heroin-associated circRNAs that are derived from the same linear gene.

Article Snippet: We first profiled circRNAs in the OFC of three male heroin and three male saline animals using a microarray analyses service provided by Arraystar, Inc.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Microarray, Saline

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Heroin Regulates Orbitofrontal Circular RNAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms23031453

Figure Lengend Snippet: A predicted circRNA–miRNA network in the OFC associated with heroin exposure. ( A ) List of miRNAs predicted to target at least 3 heroin-associated circRNAs identified in the microarray analysis. Highlighted miRNAs target circRNAs validated with qPCR. ( B ) Pathway analysis of the target genes of miRNAs listed in ( A ). For each significant pathway, the number of miRNAs that target the pathway is listed, as well as the number of genes in the pathway that the miRNAs target.

Article Snippet: We first profiled circRNAs in the OFC of three male heroin and three male saline animals using a microarray analyses service provided by Arraystar, Inc.

Techniques: Microarray